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Herniated Disc: When Surgery Is Needed and When It's Not

Most herniated discs heal without surgery. Learn when conservative treatment works and when you need microdiscectomy.

What Is It?

Soft inner material pushes through a tear in the disc outer shell, potentially compressing a nerve. Causes back pain, sciatica, numbness, or weakness.

Conservative Treatment Works for Most

80-90% improve without surgery in 6-12 weeks. PT, anti-inflammatories, epidural injections, activity modification, and time.

When Surgery Is Needed

Persistent sciatica after 6-12 weeks, progressive weakness, cauda equina syndrome (emergency), severe functional limitation.

Surgical Options

Microdiscectomy: Gold standard. Minimally invasive. Endoscopic discectomy: Even smaller incision. Cervical disc replacement or fusion: For neck herniations.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can it heal on its own?
Yes. 80-90% improve with conservative care. The body reabsorbs disc material over time.
How long should I wait?
6-12 weeks unless you have progressive weakness or emergency symptoms.

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